Memory science. Is it learning or performance?
New methods make it possible to probe the neural substrates of memory with precision but leading researchers in the field are warning of the need for more thoughtful experimental design in the future.
Manipulating neural activity might change the internal context in which information is encoded during learning. When memory is tested later without the brain manipulation, the mismatch in internal context undermines the ability to retrieve the memory.
Recognizing that a person’s memory can exist without a behavioral signature is key. It has been shown to be influenced by many things, such as tiredness, motivation, or sensorimotor impairment. Alcohol or drugs, cognitive contexts, hormones and satiety states (e.g., hunger or thirst) can all yield state-dependent memory. Failing to appreciate this distinction has slowed progress according to experts.
Simply put…progress will be made only when new and seasoned neuroscientists acknowledge and consider that poor performance on a retention test does not imply either poor learning or memory loss. The good news is that experimenters can now detect performance deficits masquerading as memory loss using methods that reveal when memory is spared.
Source: The Transmitter
Mishandled wheelchairs and air passenger protection
Checked baggage is lost or damaged far less frequently than mobility aids and, mishandled equipment can cause serious problems for a passenger for months.
It’s hard to pinpoint just one cause although failures in the area of both airline, airport and contractor training seem pervasive. Here are some other identified issues:
• Improper Lifting: wheelchairs can weigh as much as 400 lbs. Not all airports have the necessary lifts and staff may try to save time by lifting mobility devices physically. This often results in
• Limited width of cargo hold doors: Turning large power wheelchairs on their side to fit through too narrow spaces can lead to damage.
• Elements: Rain or snow can ruin electronics when left outside uncovered during the loading process.
There are currently no shared regulations or official global guidelines that effectively govern either transportation or compensation for passengers. The Montreal Convention that has been ratified by 133 countries is currently being used which is inadequate when repair or replacement costs are considered.
The good news; change is on the horizon with new rules expected at any time to govern air travel providers and protect passengers.
Source: Air Advisor
Hearing loss increases dementia risk 3-fold
Not only can hearing loss have a negative impact on both our functional ability and our social and emotional well-being but it can also impact our ability to communicate and participate in social activities. It can also impact our safety and independence as we enter later life.
The risk of falling is also increased according to a recent study done by the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the National Institute of Aging. Researchers found that older adults with a 25-decibel hearing loss, (classified as mild) were nearly three times more likely to have a history of falling. Furthermore, every additional 10-decibels of hearing loss increased the chances of falling by 140 per cent.
Those with moderate hearing loss are also at three times greater risk of developing dementia. In fact, it accounts for 8-9 per cent of the risk factor—more than that of depression and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity.
Experts recommend:
1. Protecting your ears from excessive noise exposure.
2. Getting your hearing checked.
3. Using hearing aids if you have hearing loss. Learn more at igericare.healthhq.ca
Source: McMaster Optimal Aging
